Zirconia Restorations
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The Benefits & Applications of

Katana STML Monolithic Zirconia Restorations

Written by Andrew Sedler

Current zirconia can be classified into three basic generations based on the yttria content.

Full contour zirconia is the most prescribed restoration in dentistry today. It has filled a significant need to address the patient’s demands for metal-free restorations while being budget friendly.

The initial monolithic zirconias were very strong but were not as translucent as many clinicians desired. Zirconia restorations have evolved and improved over the last 11 years. Katana by Noritake is one of the most advanced monolithic zirconias in the dental industry today. The subject of this article will focus most of the details specifically on Katana Super Translucent Multi-Layer (STML), due to its’ favorable benefits in several areas.

Katana STML Monolithic Zirconia Restorations - Benefits

Background of Dental Zirconia

Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) has been used in orthopedics to manufacture artificial joints. Y-TZP was found to be highly biocompatible. In addition, Y-TZP is extremely strong and resistance to fracture, with a flexural strength of 900–1400 MPa. When a crack initiates on the surface of Y-TZP zirconia, the stress at the top of the crack causes a transformation in the tetragonal crystal and this transformation leads to compressive stress that inhibits the crack from growing, thus enhancing the fracture toughness.

Background of Zirconia

Current zirconia can be classified into three basic generations based on the yttria content.

  • 1

    The first group is strong, 3Y zirconia, mainly tetragonal. This group has flexural strengths ranging from 900-1400 MPA, but relatively opaque. Examples are IPS e.max® ZirCad LT & MO, Lava™ Plus, BruxZir®, and KATANA™ HT.

  • 2

    The second group is more translucent, Y4.  The strength of this group is 750 to 850 MPa. Examples are IPS e.max ZirCAD MT, and KATANA™ ST/STML.Katana strength comparison.

Katana Strength Comparison Chart
  • 3

    The third group is the most translucent, Y5. The strength of this group is 500 to 650 MPa. Examples are Lava Esthetic, Cercon® XT, BruxZir Anterior, and KATANA™ UT/UTML. 

    The third and most recent strategy to increase the translucency of zirconia is to stabilize it with a significant cubic crystalline phase interspersed with the tetragonal phase, increasing the yttria content to stabilize the cubic phase. Several versions of “high-translucent” or “cubic-containing” zirconia have come on the market recently, as Y4 & Y5 zirconias. The exact amount of cubic phase in these types of materials ranges from 10% to 15%. The cubic phase of this zirconia causes the crystalline structure to vector in different directions, which decreases light scattering that occurs; as a result, the cubic zirconia appears more translucent.

Noritake Katana Strength and Translucency

Katana has three (3) distinct strength and translucency options:

  • 1

    2nd Generation Zirconia - HT/ML 1100 MPa Flexural strength, Y3 Zirconia.

  • 2

    3rd Generation Zirconia - STML, 750 MPa Flexural strength, Y4 Zirconia, 38% light transmittance.

Translucency comparison of Katana to e.max
Left to Right: Katana HT/ML, Katana STML, e.max LT, e.max MT
  • 3

    3rd Generation Zirconia - UTML, 550 MPa Flexural strength, Y5 Zirconia, 43% light transmittance.

Application for Katana Family Zirconias

  • HT/ML - Posterior crowns, 3 unit bridges to long span bridges.

  • STML - Anterior crowns, posterior crowns, 3 unit bridges.

  • UTML - Inlay & Onlays, anterior crowns, Posterior crowns.

UTML - Inlay & Onlays, anterior crowns, Posterior crowns

Attributes of Katana STML Monolithic Zirconia

Katana STML Monolithic zirconia is the best balance of strength and esthetics. As stated, the focus of this article is specifically on Katana STML restorations. STML is a multi-layered material that is pre-colorized in the puck, so the color is through and through the restoration, not just in the surface layers. Burbank Dental Lab has found that STML has a very favorable balance of strength and translucency. STML actually is virtually identical in translucency with e.max LT, with a thickness of 1.5 mm.

  • Gradiant Chroma

    Katana STML has a more concentrated chroma (color saturation) in the gingival portion of the milling disk, with much less chroma in the incisal aspect of the material. This is designed to provide a natural gradation of the chroma in the restorations.

    STML Chroma Gradiant Low - High

  • Gradiant Value

    Katana STML has a higher value in the gingival area and a lower value in the incisal area, which contributes to the visual effect of incisal translucency. 

  • Gradiant Translucency

    Has a greater amount of translucency in the incisal 1/3 of the restoration, and a greater opacity at the gingival layer. The incisal layer of  Katana STML zirconia is comparable to IPS e.max LT.

  • The translucency has 38% light transmittance
  • The flexural strength is 750 MPa

Cementation & Bonding

The cementation protocols for zirconia restorations are similar to those used when cementing gold crowns. Since zirconia restorations are not etchable, It is important to create resistance and retention form in the preparation. Because zirconia cementation uses a traditional cementation procedure, there are many cementation material options. While it is possible to use several categories of cement product types, glass ionomers and resin-modified glass ionomers are the most commonly used types of cement.

The Katana family of zirconia has something for every application that can be filled with zirconia restorations. Katana STML specifically is fast becoming one of the go-to restorations for Burbank Dental Lab because it is a nearly perfect balance of cosmetics, strength, and is one of our best value restorations.

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Fabrication
of the future
is here!

Burbank Dental Lab has three new state-of-the-art Carbon M2 printers. We are very excited about the options that these cutting-edge printers will allow us to offer our dental clients. Here are some of the advantages that these printers will begin to deliver to you and your dental practice.

Our New
State-Of-The-Art
3d Printers

Carbon offers a highly dependable 3D manufacturing solution for many dental applications with its breakthrough Digital Light Synthesis™ technology, enabled by a wide range of dental materials.